Specialised paediatric renal services provide care for a wide variety of conditions. Many children with uncomplicated general nephrological conditions, may be managed by general paediatricians in local hospitals without reference to a specialist paediatric nephrologist at the specialist renal centre. Some children develop complications of common conditions or have rare conditions benefiting from specialist expertise, whilst others require specialist diagnostic and therapeutic procedures including dialysis and transplantation that can only be provided by a specialist renal centre. The aim of the service is to improve both life expectancy and quality of life for children with renal disease by providing optimal specialised care